Phenacetin Powder Briefing
Phenacetin Powder, a painkiller, was the world’s first synthetic pharmaceutical drug. It was one of the first painkillers that was not derived from opium while at the same time being absent of antiinflammatory qualities. Phenacetinwas developed in 1878 by an American chemist, Harmon Northrop Morse. It was introduced into the pharmaceutical market in 1887. However, it was withdrawn in 1983 in the United States due to unacceptable levels of interstitial nephritis in patients and potential risks of tumorigenicity. Like in the United States, most Western countries did not ban phenacetin from marketing until 1983. Phenacetin is a component of APC (aspirin-phenacetin-caffeine).
Pharmacologic action
Phenacetin’s analgesic effects are due to its actions on the sensory tracts of the spinal cord. In addition, phenacetin has a depressant action on the heart, where it acts as a negative inotrope. It is an antipyretic, acting on the brain to decrease the temperature set point. It is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (subacute type) and intercostal neuralgia.
It is metabolized in the body to paracetamol (acetaminophen), which is also a clinically relevant analgesic.
Product Name: | Phenacetin |
Synonyms: | ACETOPHENETIDIN;ACETOPHENETIDINE;ACET-P-PHENETIDINE;ACETYL-P-PHENETIDINE;1-ACETYL-P-PHENETIDIN;4-ACETOPHENETIDIDE;4-acetophenetidine;4′-ETHOXYACETANILIDE |
CAS: | 62-44-2 |
MF: | C10H13NO2 |
MW: | 179.22 |
EINECS: | 200-533-0 |
Product Categories: | Others;Amines;Aromatics;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;organic interme;Organics;Other APIs;API;62-44-2 |
Mol File: | 62-44-2 |
Phenacetin Chemical Properties | |
Melting point | 133-136 °C (lit.) |
Boiling point | 132 °C / 4mmHg |
density | 1.1248 (rough estimate) |
refractive index | 1.571 |
Fp | 2℃ |
storage temp. | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
pka | pKa 2.2(H2O) (Uncertain);3.5(aqueous acetone) (Uncertain) |
form | powder |
color | White |
Water Solubility | 0.076 g/100 mL |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Merck | 147,204 |
BRN | 1869238 |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. |
InChIKey | CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS DataBase Reference | 62-44-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
IARC | 1 (Vol. 24, Sup 7, 100A) 2012 |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-(62-44-2) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Phenacetin (62-44-2) |
Phenacetin Powder Usage
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration ordered the withdrawal of drugs containing phenacetin Powder in November 1983, due to its carcinogenic and kidney-damaging properties.It was also banned in India.As a result, some branded, and previously phenacetin-based, preparations continued to be sold, but with the phenacetin replaced by safer alternatives. A popular brand of phenacetin was Roche’s Saridon, which was reformulated in 1983 to contain propyphenazone, paracetamol and caffeine. Coricidin was also reformulated without phenacetin. Paracetamol is a metabolite of phenacetin with similar analgesic and antipyretic effects, but the new formulation has not been found to have phenacetin’s carcinogenicity.
Phenacetin Powder has been used as a cutting agent to adulterate cocaine in the UK and Canada, due to the similar physical properties.
Due to its low cost, phenacetin is used for research into the physical and refractive properties of crystals. It is an ideal compound for this type of research.
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